Lithography is one of the newest printing methods around. You have probably used a form of lithography without even knowing it: Laser toner printers.
Lithography works by repulsion of oil and water, and by logic the attraction of oil to oil. It’s chemistry!
Traditionally, limestone is used as the “base” for this process. Treating a stone with gum arabic and some acids creates a very stable surface for the greasy material. We also employ aluminum as a base because it has very similar properties to limestone, but with slightly different acids.
Back to your toner printer at home… it obviously doesn’t have a huge heavy piece of limestone in it, but it does have a light-sensitive drum which, when exposed to a laser or LED light becomes attractive to toner the same way grease on a stone attracts more grease.
In the case of toner, the drum becomes statically charged. The static in the drum picks up toner and applies it to the paper, and a heating element melts it to the page.
This is probably way more information than you ever wanted to know about your printer, or lithography isn’t it.